The Merkava is the innovative Israeli design of Major General Israel Tal. The primary design criteria was crew survivability. Every part of the overall design is expected to contribute to helping the crew survive. The engine is inthe front to provide protection to the crew. There is a special protectiveumbrella for the tank commander to enable protection from indirect fire with thehatches open.  Special "spaced armor" is in use along with protectedfuel and ammo compartments.

The Merkava can also carry a small Infantry squad internally under complete armored protection.